Аlexander Chekhanovski

German Unlocked. Your Complete Guide to B2 Proficiency


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Bruder (your brother)

      Here are the common forms

      Masculine: euer -> eurer

      Feminine: euer -> eure

      Neuter: euer -> eur

      Plural: euer -> eure

      Word Bank

      Possessivpronomen (po-se-zeev-pro-no-men) – Possessive pronoun

      mein (main) – my

      dein (dain) – your (informal, singular)

      sein (zain) – his / its

      ihr (eer) – her / their / your (formal)

      unser (oon-zer) – our

      euer (oi-er) – your (informal, plural)

      Bruder (broo-der) – brother

      Schwester (shves-ter) – sister

      Eltern (el-tern) – parents

      Exercises

      Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronoun and ending:

      Das ist ______ (mein) Auto.

      Wo ist ______ (dein) Mutter?

      Er liebt ______ (ihr) Katze.

      Wir besuchen ______ (unser) Großeltern.

      Translate the following sentences into German, using possessive pronouns:

      This is my book.

      Where is your father? (informal, singular)

      She loves his dog.

      We visit our grandparents.

      Is that your house? (formal)

      Rewrite the following sentences, replacing the nouns with appropriate pronouns (both personal and possessive):

      Der Mann liebt seine Frau. (The man loves his wife.)

      Die Frau hilft ihrem Kind. (The woman helps her child.)

      That completes Chapter 8! You’ve learned how to use possessive pronouns to show ownership and how they change based on gender, number, and case.

      Chapter 9: Modal Verbs

      Modal verbs are auxiliary (helping) verbs that add meaning to the main verb in a sentence. They express possibility, necessity, permission, ability, and desire. They are essential for expressing nuances and complexities in German.

      The Six Modal Verbs

      There are six main modal verbs in German:

      können (kö-nen) – can, to be able to

      müssen (müs-sen) – must, to have to

      wollen (vo-len) – to want to

      dürfen (dür-fen) – may, to be allowed to

      sollen (zo-len) – should, to be supposed to

      mögen (mö-gen) – to like (usually used in the subjunctive form, «möchte» – would like)

      Conjugation of Modal Verbs

      Modal verbs have irregular conjugations, so it’s important to memorize them. Here are the present tense conjugations:

      können (can/be able to):

      ich kann (ihh kahn)

      du kannst (doo kahnst)

      er/sie/es kann (air/zee/es kahn)

      wir können (veer kö-nen)

      ihr könnt (eer könt)

      sie/Sie können (zee/zee kö-nen)

      müssen (must/have to):

      ich muss (ihh moos)

      du musst (doo moost)

      er/sie/es muss (air/zee/es moos)

      wir müssen (veer müs-sen)

      ihr müsst (eer müst)

      sie/Sie müssen (zee/zee müs-sen)

      wollen (want to):

      ich will (ihh vil)

      du willst (doo vilst)

      er/sie/es will (air/zee/es vil)

      wir wollen (veer vo-len)

      ihr wollt (eer volt)

      sie/Sie wollen (zee/zee vo-len)

      dürfen (may/be allowed to):

      ich darf (ihh darf)

      du darfst (doo darfst)

      er/sie/es darf (air/zee/es darf)

      wir dürfen (veer dür-fen)

      ihr dürft (eer dürft)

      sie/Sie dürfen (zee/zee dür-fen)

      sollen (should/be supposed to):

      ich soll (ihh zol)

      du sollst (doo zolst)

      er/sie/es soll (air/zee/es zol)

      wir sollen (veer zo-len)

      ihr sollt (eer zolt)

      sie/Sie sollen (zee/zee zo-len)

      mögen (to like): Note: «mögen» is rarely used in its present tense. The subjunctive form «möchte» is used to express «would like.» We will show the conjugation for context.

      ich mag (ihh mahg)

      du magst (doo mahgst)

      er/sie/es mag (air/zee/es mahg)

      wir mögen (veer mö-gen)

      ihr mögt (eer mögt)

      sie/Sie mögen (zee/zee mö-gen)

      möchte (would like):

      ich möchte (ihh möh-te)

      du möchtest (doo möh-test)

      er/sie/es möchte (air/zee/es möh-te)

      wir möchten (veer möh-ten)

      ihr möchtet (eer möh-tet)

      sie/Sie möchten (zee/zee möh-ten)

      Sentence Structure with Modal Verbs

      The structure of sentences with modal verbs is different from simple sentences. The modal verb is conjugated and placed in the second position in the sentence (after the subject). The main verb is placed at the end of the sentence in its infinitive form (the “-en» form).

      Subject + Modal Verb + (Other words) + Infinitive Verb

      Examples

      Ich kann Deutsch sprechen. (ihh kahn doitch shpreh-hen) – I can speak German.

      Du musst deine Hausaufgaben machen. (doo moost dai-ne haus-auf-ga-ben mah-hen) – You must do your homework.

      Er will ein Buch lesen. (air vil ain booh lay-zen) – He wants to read a book.

      Wir dürfen hier nicht parken. (veer dür-fen heer niht par-ken) – We are not allowed to park here.

      Sie sollen pünktlich sein. (zee zo-len pünkt-lihh zain) – They should be on time.

      Ich möchte einen Kaffee trinken. (ihh möh-te ai-nen kah-fay trin-ken) – I would like to drink a coffee.

      Meaning and Usage of Each Modal Verb

      können (can/be able to): Expresses ability, possibility, or capability.

      Ich kann schwimmen. (ihh kahn shvi-men) – I can swim.

      Es kann regnen. (es kahn rayg-nen) – It can rain.

      müssen (must/have to): Expresses necessity, obligation, or requirement.

      Ich muss arbeiten. (ihh moos ar-bai-ten) – I must work.

      Du musst pünktlich sein. (doo moost pünkt-lihh zain) – You must be on time.

      wollen (want