LIST OF MAPS.
| 1. COUNTRIES TO THE NORTH OF FRANCE, | At end of Book. |
| 2. NORTH AMERICA, | " " |
| 3. SPAIN, | " " |
| 4. PORTUGAL, | " " |
| 5. EUROPE, | " " |
| 6. INDIA, | " " |
| 7. ENGLISH POSSESSIONS IN INDIA, | " " |
WILLIAM AND MARY.
1689–1702.
CONTEMPORARY PRINCES.
| France. | Austria. | Spain. | Prussia. | Russia. |
| Louis XIV., 1643. | Leopold I., 1658. | Charles II., 1665. | Frederick I., 1701. | Peter the Great, 1689. |
| Philip V., 1700. |
| Denmark and Norway. | Sweden. |
| Christian V., 1670. | Charles XI., 1660. |
| Frederick IV., 1699. | Charles XII., 1697. |
| POPES.— | Alexander VIII., 1689. | Innocent XII., 1691. | Clement XI., 1700. |
|---|
| Archbishops. | Chancellors. |
| William Sancroft, 1678. | (In Commission, 1689.) |
| John Tillotson, 1691. | Sir John Somers, 1693. |
| Thomas Tenison, 1694. | Sir Nathan Wright, 1700. |
| First Lord of the Treasury. | Chancellor of the Exchequer. |
| 1689. Mordaunt. | 1689. Delamere. |
| 1690. Lowther. | 1690. Hampden. |
| 1690. Godolphin. | 1694. Montague. |
| 1697. Montague. | 1699. Aaron Smith. |
| 1699. Tankerville. | 1701. Henry Boyle. |
| 1700. Godolphin. | |
| 1702. Carlisle. |
Secretaries of State.
| 1689 { Nottingham | 1697 { Shrewsbury |
| { Shrewsbury | { Vernon |
| 1690 { Nottingham | 1699 { Jersey |
| { Sidney | { Vernon |
| 1693 { Shrewsbury | 1700 { Hedges |
| { Trenchard | { Vernon |
| 1695 { Shrewsbury | 1702 { Manchester |
| { Trumbal | { Vernon |
Before the Crown was absolutely offered to William, the Convention was eager to reform a number of the most prominent abuses of the last reign. It was shown by the wiser leaders among them that such reforms would entail a mass of legislation which, The Declaration of Right. to be done well, must occupy several years. It was therefore determined that, for the present, a solemn declaration of principles only should be drawn up. This is known as the Declaration of Right. In it, after enumerating the evils from which the country had suffered, the Lords and Commons declared that the dispensing power does not exist, that without grant or consent of Parliament no money can be exacted by the sovereign, and no army kept up in time of peace. They also affirmed the right of petition, the right of free choice of representatives, the right of Parliament Crown accepted by William and Mary. to freedom of debate, the right of the nation to a pure administration of justice, and the necessity, in order to secure these things, of frequent Parliaments. This Declaration having been read to William and Mary, the Crown was solemnly