and Identifying Treatment‐Resistant Depression Can Patients with Severe Major Depressive Disorder Be Competent to Request Assisted Dying? Role Responsibility Slippery‐Slope Concerns Public Policy Considerations 44 Are Concerns about Irremediableness, Vulnerability, or Competence Sufficient to Justify Excluding All Psychiatric Patients from Medical Aid in Dying? Introduction Irremediableness Vulnerability Assessing Competence The Netherlands Conclusion References
22 Part V: Resource Allocation
23 Introduction 45 In a Pandemic, Should We Save Younger Lives? YES – Peter Singer NO – Lucy Winkett YES NO YES NO 46 The Value of Life I The Moral Significance of Age 47 Bubbles under the Wallpaper Bubbles under the Wallpaper A Rights‐Based Approach? Randomness to the Rescue? Conclusion References 48 Rescuing Lives 49 Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Liver Transplantation? Should Patients with ARESLD Receive Transplants? Objections to Proposal Reasons Patients with ARESLD Should Have a Lower Priority on Transplant Waiting Lists Should Any Alcoholics Be Considered for Transplantation? Need for Further Research Comment References
25 Introduction 50 Organ Donation and Retrieval 51 The Case for Allowing Kidney Sales References 52 Ethical Issues in the Supply and Demand of Kidneys Brief Background: The Status Quo Systems of Kidney Procurement Anti‐Market Considerations The Integrity of the Body Policy 53 The Survival Lottery
26 Part VII: Ethical Issues in Research
27 Introduction
28 Experimentation with Humans 54 Belmont Report A Boundaries between Practice and Research B Basic Ethical Principles C Applications 55 Scientific Research is a Moral Duty Do No Harm Fairness The Moral Imperative for Research Do Universal Moral Principles Deny This Claim? Is There an Enforceable Obligation to Participate in Research? Mandatory Contribution to Public Goods Benefit Sharing A New Principle of Research Ethics On Whom Does the Obligation to Participate in Research Fall? Me and My Kind Children and the Incompetent Inducements to Participate in Research Conclusion References 56 Participation in Biomedical Research is an Imperfect Moral Duty The Principle of Beneficence The Principle of Fairness Conclusions References