Juan Carlos Padilla Monroy

Los bordes del tiempo


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      Al sistema social-estructural formado en la modernidad a partir de la Revolución Industrial, le es ajeno el ritmo de vida de las personas, sin embargo, su fuerza de condicionamiento es brutal; es obvio que un régimen de trabajo (tiempo) que es indiferente a los ritmos individuales de trabajo durante un día, una semana, un año o la carrera, no preguntará si la persona está actualmente afectada o tiene un resfriado.

      La teoría de la aceleración social de Hartmut Rosa es una base a partir de la cual debemos explorar los límites de la buena vida no sólo desde la filosofía y la sociología, o desde sus causas y consecuencias, sino también a partir de sus conexiones económicas y políticas.

      [1] Hartmut Rosa, High-speed Society: Social Acceleration, Power, and Modernity, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010, p. 116. “My thesis will be that acceleration corresponds to a denaturalization of the hitherto traditional experience of time”.

      [2] Edgar Morin, Introducción al pensamiento complejo, Barcelona, Gedisa, 2007, p. 21.

      [3] Ibid., p. 22.

      [4] El propio Morán refiere que “transdisciplinaria significa, hoy, indisciplinaria”, abierto a múltiples posibilidades. Véase Edgar Morin, Introducción al pensamiento…, p. 79.

      [5] En las ciencias, la entropía indica el grado de desorden molecular de un sistema y la neguentropía es la tendencia natural de que un sistema se modifique de acuerdo con la estructura que lo constituye gracias, a su vez, a las subestructuras del propio sistema.

      [6] “Good life” es una noción de controvertida traducción al español (“vida buena” / “buena vida”) y compleja por todas sus implicaciones. Hartmut Rosa prefiere utilizar la expresión buena vida, por lo que optamos por comprenderla de este modo.

      [7] Cfr. Charles Taylor, Human Agency and Language: Philosophical Papers, citado por Hartmut Rosa, Social Acceleration: A New Theory of Modernity. New Directions in Critical Theory, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 2013, p. xxvii. “Identity of human beings is necessarily constituted by what he calls “strong evaluation”, namely, the interrelation of 1. a distinction between some good or set of goods that are seen as incomparably higher in worth than other goods (or values) and 2. the corresponding motivational or attitudinal commitments on the part of the agent with those evaluative views”.

      [8] Hartmut Rosa, Social Acceleration…, p. xxx. “How we want to spend’ our time. Considerations like these have led Rosa more recently to make the even stronger claim that “the ultimate, though mostly unspoken, and also often unconscious object of sociology is the question of the good life, or more precisely: the analysis of the social conditions under which a successful life is ‘possible’”.

      [9] Hartmut Rosa, Alienación y aceleración: hacia una teoría crítica de la temporalidad en la modernidad tardía, Buenos Aires, Katz Editores, 2016, p. 131.

      [10] Ibid., p. 132.

      [11] Ibid., p. 2.

      [12] Ibid., p. 11.

      [13] Ibid., pp. 161-162.

      [14] Stefan Klein,“In the Tsunami of Stimuli On the ‘Velocity’ Drug”, en Hartmut Böhme y Hartmut Rosa (eds.), The Art of Deceleration, Alemania, Hatje Cantz, 2012. “As neuroscientist have demonstrated, the brain can only consciously execute one activity at any given moment. The attention of someone who nevertheless tries to answer an e-mail while speaking on the telephone must by necessity incessantly jump back and forth”.

      [15] Idem. “This is because the brain cannot process all this new information as rapidly as we receive it. There are only two solutions to this dilemma. The first alternative is to devote less time to each individual stimulus, turning to the next piece of information as soon as it arrives. The second alternative is to select what we want. We simply ignore incoming information in order to spend more time processing previously received information”.

      [16] Idem.

      [17] Hartmut Rosa, High-speed Society…, p. 291.“Capitalism generates new organizational forms, new technologies, new lifestyles, new modalities of production and exploitation and, therefore, new objective social definitions of time space […]”.

      [18] Hartmut Rosa, Social Acceleration…, p. 8. “The extent to which time becomes a problem on this plane also depends upon the degree of routinization and habitualization”.

      [19] Hartmut Rosa, Alienación y aceleración…, p. 9.

      [20] Hartmut Rosa, Social Acceleration…, p. 2. “[Werner] Bergmann claims that the principal obstacle for the sociology of time consists in the lack of a well-founded, systemic connection to general sociological theory formation. As a rule, existing social-scientific studies of time are based on pretheoretical and arbitrarily selected models of time that for the most part rest loosely on philosophical, anthropological, or even everyday concepts. As a consequence, the sociological literature on time is made up of a variety of unconnected, noncumulative studies that are virtually ‘solipsistic’ since they lack a sufficient connection to general approaches in social theory”.

      [21] Hartmut Rosa, Social Acceleration…, p. 3. “Philosophical Concepts of time, formulated by the likes of Agustine, Immanuel Kant, Henri-Louis Bergson, John Ellis McTaggart, Martin Heidegger, or Margaret Mead and debated in their wake, are no less heterogeneous, inconmensurable, and incompatible. This thinkers disagree on even the most elementary questions concerning the reality of time, whether it is a natural category, or one belonging to intuition or the understanding, or rather instead a social construct”.

      [22] Hartmut Rosa, Social periodo…, p. 129. “The average duration of sleep has fallen around 30 minutes