(besonders die neurophysiologischen Reaktionen der Dopamin-beinhaltenden Nervenzellen des Mittelhirns) sind so ausgerichtet, dass sie bei einem Unterschied zwischen tatsächlicher und erwarteter Belohnung besonders stark feuern (Daw & Shohamy, 2008). Hiernach wirkt die Erledigung einer Aufgabe, von der ich mit Sicherheit wusste, dass ich sie erledigen kann am wenigsten „belohnend“, während die Erledigung einer Aufgabe, bei der ich nur geringe Erfolgserwartung hatte besonders „belohnend“ wirkt. Diese neurobiologischen Erkenntnisse weisen darauf hin, dass es keinesfalls die Sicherheit, Vorhersehbarkeit und Stressfreiheit ist, die menschliches Leben und Zufriedenheit bestimmen.
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